libdpf/include/grotto/prefix_parity.hpp

/// @file grotto/prefix_parity.hpp
/// @author Ryan Henry <ryan.henry@ucalgary.ca>
/// @brief
/// @details
/// @copyright Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Ryan Henry and others
/// @license Released under a GNU General Public v2.0 (GPLv2) license;
///          see [LICENSE.md](@ref GPLv2) for details.

#ifndef LIBDPF_INCLUDE_GROTTO_PREFIX_PARITY_HPP__
#define LIBDPF_INCLUDE_GROTTO_PREFIX_PARITY_HPP__

#include "hedley/hedley.h"

#include "dpf/dpf_key.hpp"
#include "dpf/bit.hpp"
#include "dpf/bitstring.hpp"
#include "dpf/twiddle.hpp"
#include "dpf/leaf_node.hpp"
#include "dpf/dcf.hpp"
#include "dpf/blocked_dcf.hpp"
#include "grotto/offset_iterable.hpp"
#include "dpf/path_memoizer.hpp"
#include "dpf/utils.hpp"

#include <stdexcept>
#include <type_traits>

namespace grotto
{

template <typename NodeT,
          typename InputT>
HEDLEY_NO_THROW
auto parity_of_substring_prefix(const NodeT & node, InputT x) noexcept
{
    static constexpr auto bits_per_limb = dpf::utils::bitlength_of_v<decltype(node[0])>;
    std::size_t off = dpf::offset_within_block<dpf::bit, NodeT>(x);
    auto div = std::lldiv(off, bits_per_limb);
    auto parity = node[div.quot] & ((1ul << div.rem) - 1ul);
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < div.quot; ++i) parity ^= node[i];
    return psnip_builtin_parity64(parity);
}

template <bool use_early_terminate_optimization = true,
          typename InputT,
          typename DpfKey,
          std::size_t NumParts,
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<InputT, typename DpfKey::input_type>, bool> = false>
static auto prefix_parities(const DpfKey & dpf, const std::array<InputT, NumParts> & endpoints)
{
    static constexpr std::size_t num_parts = NumParts;
    static constexpr std::size_t depth = DpfKey::depth;
    using input_type = typename DpfKey::input_type;
    static constexpr std::size_t input_bits = dpf::utils::bitlength_of_v<input_type>;
    using interior_node = typename DpfKey::interior_node;
    using exterior_node = typename DpfKey::exterior_node;

    exterior_node leaf;
    auto path = make_basic_path_memoizer(dpf);
    std::array<uint_fast8_t, depth+1> direction = { 0 }; // always "traverse left" to get to the root
    std::array<uint_fast8_t, depth+1> parity    = { 0 };

    std::array<bool, num_parts> prefix_parities;

    // A prefix that ends on a node boundary (trailing zeros past the leaf
    // width) is the parity accumulated at that node. Stopping any earlier
    // would cut through a leaf, so those endpoints still open the exterior
    // node. The path memoizer's high-water mark keeps a later endpoint from
    // resuming past nodes this walk never filled.
    std::size_t new_first = for_each_offset(std::begin(endpoints), std::end(endpoints), dpf.offset_x(0),
        [&](std::size_t which_part, input_type current_endpoint)
        {
            std::size_t to_level = depth;
            if constexpr (use_early_terminate_optimization)
            {
                // Stop where the remaining suffix is all zeros, but never
                // above a partial leaf. `parity_of_substring_prefix` indexes
                // bits inside the exterior node, which is wider than
                // `lg_outputs_per_leaf` when several outputs share that node.
                constexpr std::size_t leaf_bit_lg
                    = dpf::lg_outputs_per_leaf_v<dpf::bit, exterior_node>;
                constexpr std::size_t align = std::max(
                    DpfKey::lg_outputs_per_leaf, leaf_bit_lg);
                const std::size_t tz = dpf::utils::countr_zero<input_type>{}(current_endpoint);
                if (tz >= input_bits)
                    to_level = 0;
                else if (tz > align)
                    to_level = input_bits - tz;
            }

            // assign_x sets path[0] = dpf.root on the first point and returns
            // the first level that differs from the previous point. direction[0]
            // and parity[0] stay 0, which is the empty-prefix parity.
            const std::size_t next_level = dpf::detail::path_resume_for_level(
                path, dpf, current_endpoint, to_level);
            std::size_t level_index = next_level - 1;

            if (level_index < to_level)
            {
                DPF_UNROLL_LOOP
                for (auto mask = dpf.msb_mask >> level_index;
                     level_index < to_level; ++level_index, mask>>=1)
                {
                    bool bit = !!(mask & current_endpoint);
                    direction[level_index+1] = bit;
                    path[level_index+1] = DpfKey::traverse_interior(path[level_index], dpf.correction_word(level_index, direction[level_index+1]), direction[level_index+1]);
                    parity[level_index+1] = parity[level_index] ^ ((direction[level_index] ^ direction[level_index+1]) & dpf::get_lo_bit(path[level_index]));
                }
            }
            dpf::detail::path_note_filled_to(path, to_level);
            if (HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(to_level != depth))
            {
                // Same quantity as a full walk that then steps only left into
                // an empty leaf substring: parity[L] ^ (direction[L] & t[L]).
                prefix_parities[which_part] = parity[to_level]
                    ^ (direction[to_level] & dpf::get_lo_bit(path[to_level]));
            }
            else
            {
                if (next_level <= depth)
                {
                    leaf = dpf.template traverse_exterior<0>(path[depth]);
                }

                prefix_parities[which_part] = parity[depth]
                    ^ (direction[depth] & dpf::get_lo_bit(path[depth])
                    ^ parity_of_substring_prefix(leaf, current_endpoint));
            }
        });

    return std::make_tuple(prefix_parities, new_first);
}

template <typename DpfKey,
          std::size_t NumParts>
static auto all_segment_parities_from_prefix_parities(const DpfKey & dpf,
    const std::array<bool, NumParts> & prefix_parities, std::size_t new_first)
{
    static constexpr std::size_t num_parts = NumParts;
    std::array<bool, num_parts> segment_parities;

    // currently setup so that for endpoints = {A, B, C}, segment_parities[0] = [A, B) while segment_parities[2] = [C, A)
    // to change to having the wrapping segment first, xor with previous prefix_parity and not subsequent one
    //     also need to change final xor to simply using new_first
    // segment_parities[0] = prefix_parities[0] ^ prefix_parities[num_parts-1];
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < num_parts; ++i)
    {
        segment_parities[i] = prefix_parities[i] ^ prefix_parities[(i+1)%num_parts];
    }
    segment_parities[(new_first+num_parts-1)%num_parts] ^= dpf::get_lo_bit(dpf.root());

    return segment_parities;
}

template <typename DpfKey,
          std::size_t NumSegments,
          std::size_t NumParts>
static auto specific_segment_parities_from_prefix_parities(const DpfKey & dpf,
    const std::array<std::size_t, NumSegments> & segment_indices,
    const std::array<bool, NumParts> & prefix_parities, std::size_t new_first)
{
    assert(std::is_sorted(std::begin(segment_indices), std::end(segment_indices)));

    static constexpr std::size_t num_segments = NumSegments;
    static constexpr std::size_t num_parts = NumParts;
    std::array<bool, num_segments> segment_parities;

    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < num_segments; ++i)
    {
        segment_parities[i] = prefix_parities[segment_indices[i]] ^ prefix_parities[segment_indices[(i+1)%num_segments]];
    }
    auto begin = std::begin(segment_indices), end = std::end(segment_indices);
    segment_parities[(std::distance(begin, std::lower_bound(begin, end, new_first))+num_segments-1)%num_segments] ^= dpf::get_lo_bit(dpf.root());

    return segment_parities;
}

template <bool use_early_terminate_optimization = true,
          typename InputT,
          typename DpfKey,
          std::size_t NumParts,
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<InputT, typename DpfKey::input_type>, bool> = false>
static auto segment_parities(const DpfKey & dpf, const std::array<InputT, NumParts> & endpoints)
{
    if constexpr (NumParts == 0)
    {
        (void)dpf;
        return std::array<bool, 0>{};
    }
    else if constexpr (NumParts == 1)
    {
        (void)endpoints;
        // One segment wraps the whole domain. Its parity share is the root
        // control bit (the general n-way formula reduces to the same value).
        return std::array<bool, 1>{
            static_cast<bool>(dpf::get_lo_bit(dpf.root()))};
    }
    else
    {
        auto [prefix_parities, new_first] = grotto::prefix_parities<use_early_terminate_optimization>(dpf, endpoints);
        return all_segment_parities_from_prefix_parities(dpf, prefix_parities, new_first);
    }
}

namespace detail
{

template <typename T, typename = void>
struct key_has_cmp : std::false_type {};

template <typename T>
struct key_has_cmp<T, std::void_t<decltype(std::declval<const T &>().has_cmp())>>
    : std::true_type {};

template <typename KeyT>
HEDLEY_NO_THROW
uint64_t cmp_addend_raw(const KeyT & key) noexcept
{
    if constexpr (dpf::is_party_key_v<KeyT>)
        return key.cmp_addend().raw();
    else
        return key.cmp_addend();
}

}  // namespace detail

/// Additive prefix indicators from the key's DCF value sums.
///
/// Same multi-knot walk as `prefix_parities` (shared path, MSB-first), but each
/// level contributes the Boyle/Guo value correction instead of an advice-bit
/// XOR. Party 0 + party 1 equals `eval` of the comparison at that endpoint, in
/// the comparison group: for `dpf::gt(1)` that is `1` when `α < endpoint` and
/// `0` otherwise. A published per-level sign is not used; that bit is the keep
/// child's control and would leak the path (elementary2
/// `notes/signed-prefix-parity.md` §5).
///
/// Endpoints are visited in the order given. The running sum is reused from the
/// longest common prefix. The zero-suffix early stop of the XOR walk is not
/// applied: later levels still add a Convert word.
template <typename InputT,
          typename DpfKey,
          std::size_t NumParts,
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<InputT, typename DpfKey::input_type>, bool> = false>
static auto signed_prefix_parities(const DpfKey & dpf,
    const std::array<InputT, NumParts> & endpoints)
{
    if constexpr (!detail::key_has_cmp<DpfKey>::value)
    {
        (void)dpf;
        (void)endpoints;
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: key has no comparison channel");
    }
    else if (!dpf.has_cmp())
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: key has no comparison channel");
    }
    else if (!dpf.cmp_assigned())
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument(
            "signed_prefix_parities: wildcard comparison payload not assigned");
    }
    else
    {
    using namespace dpf::detail::dcf_impl;
    using key_type = dpf::unwrap_party_key_t<DpfKey>;
    constexpr std::size_t depth = key_type::depth;
    const auto & ch = dpf.cmp();
    const std::size_t nbits = static_cast<std::size_t>(ch.nbits);
    if constexpr (key_type::cmp_block > 0)
    {
        if (key_type::cmp_h > depth)
            throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: comparison is deeper than the key");
    }
    else if (nbits > depth)
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: comparison is deeper than the key");

    const uint64_t mask = ch.mask;
    const int party = dpf::get_lo_bit(dpf.root()) ? 1 : 0;
    const uint64_t addend = detail::cmp_addend_raw(dpf);
    auto path = dpf::make_basic_path_memoizer(dpf);
    // `sum_at[i]` is the path sum after the first `i` levels, before `cw_last`.
    std::array<uint64_t, depth + 1> sum_at{};

    std::array<uint64_t, NumParts> prefixes{};
    for (std::size_t which = 0; which < NumParts; ++which)
    {
        auto tx = dpf.offset_x(endpoints[which]);
        dpf::utils::flip_msb_if_signed_integral(tx);
        if (ch.trivial == dpf::cmp_trivial::always_true
            || ch.trivial == dpf::cmp_trivial::always_false)
        {
            prefixes[which] = addend & mask;
            continue;
        }
        if constexpr (key_type::cmp_block > 0)
        {
            prefixes[which] = dpf::detail::blocked::eval_share(dpf, tx, path);
            continue;
        }

        const std::size_t resume = dpf::detail::path_resume_for_level(
            path, dpf, tx, nbits);
        for (std::size_t level = resume, shift = level == 0 ? 0 : level - 1;
             level <= nbits; ++level, ++shift)
        {
            const auto bit_mask = key_type::msb_mask >> shift;
            const bool bit = !!(bit_mask & tx);
            path[level] = DpfKey::traverse_interior(path[level - 1],
                dpf.correction_word(level - 1, bit), bit);
        }
        dpf::detail::path_note_filled_to(path, nbits);

        const std::size_t start = resume > nbits ? nbits : resume - 1;
        uint64_t V = sum_at[start];
        if (resume <= nbits)
        {
            auto bit_mask = key_type::msb_mask >> start;
            for (std::size_t i = start; i < nbits; ++i, bit_mask >>= 1)
            {
                const bool xi = !!(bit_mask & tx);
                const auto & parent = path[i];
                const uint8_t t = static_cast<uint8_t>(dpf::get_lo_bit(parent));
                auto kids = key_type::interior_prg::eval01(dpf::unset_lo_2bits(parent));
                const uint64_t v = convert_node(kids[xi ? 1 : 0], mask);
                const uint64_t contrib = (v + (t ? dpf.value_cw(i) : 0ULL)) & mask;
                V = (V + (party ? neg_m(contrib, mask) : contrib)) & mask;
                sum_at[i + 1] = V;
            }
        }

        const auto & leaf = path[nbits];
        const uint8_t t = static_cast<uint8_t>(dpf::get_lo_bit(leaf));
        const uint64_t c = convert_node(leaf, mask);
        const uint64_t contrib = (c + (t ? dpf.cw_last() : 0ULL)) & mask;
        V = (V + (party ? neg_m(contrib, mask) : contrib)) & mask;
        if (ch.eval_as_ge)
            V = neg_m(V, mask);
        prefixes[which] = (V + addend) & mask;
    }
    return prefixes;
    }
}

/// Runtime-length form of `signed_prefix_parities`. `out[i]` receives the same
/// share a one-element call would return for `endpoints[i]`.
template <typename InputT,
          typename DpfKey>
static void signed_prefix_parities_into(const DpfKey & dpf,
    const InputT * endpoints, std::size_t n, uint64_t * out)
{
    if constexpr (!detail::key_has_cmp<DpfKey>::value)
    {
        (void)dpf;
        (void)endpoints;
        (void)n;
        (void)out;
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: key has no comparison channel");
    }
    else if (!dpf.has_cmp())
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: key has no comparison channel");
    }
    else if (!dpf.cmp_assigned())
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument(
            "signed_prefix_parities: wildcard comparison payload not assigned");
    }
    else if (n != 0 && (endpoints == nullptr || out == nullptr))
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: null endpoint buffer");
    }
    else
    {
    using namespace dpf::detail::dcf_impl;
    using key_type = dpf::unwrap_party_key_t<DpfKey>;
    constexpr std::size_t depth = key_type::depth;
    const auto & ch = dpf.cmp();
    const std::size_t nbits = static_cast<std::size_t>(ch.nbits);
    if constexpr (key_type::cmp_block > 0)
    {
        if (key_type::cmp_h > depth)
            throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: comparison is deeper than the key");
    }
    else if (nbits > depth)
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_prefix_parities: comparison is deeper than the key");

    const uint64_t mask = ch.mask;
    const int party = dpf::get_lo_bit(dpf.root()) ? 1 : 0;
    const uint64_t addend = detail::cmp_addend_raw(dpf);
    auto path = dpf::make_basic_path_memoizer(dpf);
    std::array<uint64_t, depth + 1> sum_at{};

    for (std::size_t which = 0; which < n; ++which)
    {
        auto tx = dpf.offset_x(endpoints[which]);
        dpf::utils::flip_msb_if_signed_integral(tx);
        if (ch.trivial == dpf::cmp_trivial::always_true
            || ch.trivial == dpf::cmp_trivial::always_false)
        {
            out[which] = addend & mask;
            continue;
        }
        if constexpr (key_type::cmp_block > 0)
        {
            out[which] = dpf::detail::blocked::eval_share(dpf, tx, path);
            continue;
        }

        const std::size_t resume = dpf::detail::path_resume_for_level(
            path, dpf, tx, nbits);
        for (std::size_t level = resume, shift = level == 0 ? 0 : level - 1;
             level <= nbits; ++level, ++shift)
        {
            const auto bit_mask = key_type::msb_mask >> shift;
            const bool bit = !!(bit_mask & tx);
            path[level] = DpfKey::traverse_interior(path[level - 1],
                dpf.correction_word(level - 1, bit), bit);
        }
        dpf::detail::path_note_filled_to(path, nbits);

        const std::size_t start = resume > nbits ? nbits : resume - 1;
        uint64_t V = sum_at[start];
        if (resume <= nbits)
        {
            auto bit_mask = key_type::msb_mask >> start;
            for (std::size_t i = start; i < nbits; ++i, bit_mask >>= 1)
            {
                const bool xi = !!(bit_mask & tx);
                const auto & parent = path[i];
                const uint8_t t = static_cast<uint8_t>(dpf::get_lo_bit(parent));
                auto kids = key_type::interior_prg::eval01(dpf::unset_lo_2bits(parent));
                const uint64_t v = convert_node(kids[xi ? 1 : 0], mask);
                const uint64_t contrib = (v + (t ? dpf.value_cw(i) : 0ULL)) & mask;
                V = (V + (party ? neg_m(contrib, mask) : contrib)) & mask;
                sum_at[i + 1] = V;
            }
        }

        const auto & leaf = path[nbits];
        const uint8_t t = static_cast<uint8_t>(dpf::get_lo_bit(leaf));
        const uint64_t c = convert_node(leaf, mask);
        const uint64_t contrib = (c + (t ? dpf.cw_last() : 0ULL)) & mask;
        V = (V + (party ? neg_m(contrib, mask) : contrib)) & mask;
        if (ch.eval_as_ge)
            V = neg_m(V, mask);
        out[which] = (V + addend) & mask;
    }
    }
}

/// One-hot segment shares for a unit `gt` comparison (`if_true = 1`, `if_false = 0`).
///
/// `endpoints` is sorted ascending. Piece `i < n-1` is `[endpoints[i], endpoints[i+1])`
/// and the last piece wraps. Party 0 + party 1 is `1` on the piece that contains
/// the key's target and `0` on the others, so a public dot product with LUT
/// constants is an additive share of the function value (not of its negation).
template <typename InputT,
          typename DpfKey,
          std::size_t NumParts,
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<InputT, typename DpfKey::input_type>, bool> = false>
static auto signed_segment_parities(const DpfKey & dpf,
    const std::array<InputT, NumParts> & endpoints)
{
    using namespace dpf::detail::dcf_impl;
    if constexpr (!detail::key_has_cmp<DpfKey>::value)
    {
        (void)dpf;
        (void)endpoints;
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_segment_parities: key has no comparison channel");
    }
    else if (!dpf.has_cmp())
    {
        throw std::invalid_argument("signed_segment_parities: key has no comparison channel");
    }
    else
    {
    const auto & ch = dpf.cmp();
    if (ch.kind != dpf::cmp_kind::gt)
        throw std::invalid_argument(
            "signed_segment_parities: comparison must be gt");

    const uint64_t mask = ch.mask;
    // Public +1 sits with party 0 (root control bit clear), matching a dealer
    // split of the constant 1 with a zero blind on party 1.
    const uint64_t one = dpf::get_lo_bit(dpf.root()) ? 0ULL : (1ULL & mask);

    if constexpr (NumParts == 0)
    {
        (void)dpf;
        (void)endpoints;
        return std::array<uint64_t, 0>{};
    }
    else if constexpr (NumParts == 1)
    {
        (void)endpoints;
        return std::array<uint64_t, 1>{one};
    }
    else
    {
        const auto prefix = signed_prefix_parities(dpf, endpoints);
        std::array<uint64_t, NumParts> segments{};
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < NumParts; ++i)
        {
            const uint64_t nxt = prefix[(i + 1) % NumParts];
            segments[i] = (nxt + neg_m(prefix[i], mask)) & mask;
        }
        // `segments[n-1]` is `p[0] - p[n-1]`. The wrap piece is that difference
        // plus the public 1, which makes the pieces sum to 1.
        segments[NumParts - 1] = (segments[NumParts - 1] + one) & mask;
        return segments;
    }
    }
}

}  // namespace grotto

#endif  // LIBDPF_INCLUDE_GROTTO_PREFIX_PARITY_HPP__